Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay Example for Free

Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay With the section of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001 and updates of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools have executed the pre-referral process empowering individual based degree of instruction for a specific understudy. Truly, before ongoing updates to state and government specialized curriculum rules, understudies normally got uncommon thoughtfulness regarding their particular needs through parent gatherings, conventional perceptions, a couple of general mediation procedures, mental assessment, or basically an audit of report cards, social records. Since the usage of IDEA, understudies are currently getting proactive ways to deal with coordinate their degree of need. Two such methodologies of assessing singular understudies are Positive Behavior Support (PBS) and Response to Intervention (RTI). The two PBS and RTI are organized on an alternate model, however both have similar objectives. Every intercession approach considers segments and records for basic all inclusive elements that focus on a particular individual, gathering, or level. These two models offer a scope of intercessions that are logically applied to an understudy, in light of the student’s level of requirements through past checking in the homeroom. Reaction to Intervention (RTI) is characterized as â€Å"the practice of giving excellent guidance and mediations coordinated to understudy need, observing advancement often to settle on choices about changes in guidance or objectives, and applying youngster reaction information to significant instructive decisions† (Batsche et al. , 2006). RTI has developed as the more well known of the two intercession model’s and has been acknowledged by most schools in the United States, as the better approach for contemplating early mediation and recognizing a child’s instructive incapacity. The RTI approach considers the utilization of an individual student’s challenges in schools by assessing student’s condition and afterward gives intercession when the understudy gives indications trouble, absence of center, or scholarly issues. The objective of RTI is to guarantee all understudies get the highest caliber of training and guidance and lessen any conceivable bogus referrals to pointless classes, or projects. RTI has a three level model for additionally wiping out inadequate instructors as an explanation behind a student’s absence of execution, or evaluations. For instance in, level I of the three displayed level, instructors are required to actualize distinctive showing methods so as to measure a student’s execution and center toward learning. This type of educating is a technique just most qualified educators can give in the RTI procedure. Level one is portrayed as a general appraisal utilizing formal and casual instructional methods. Level two targets understudies that have not gained ground in a given measure of time and are observed habitually. These understudies are considered as having some scholastic shortcoming. Level three is a greater amount of a serious intercession and for understudies that don't react to guidance structure level two. Level three understudies might be qualified for a specialized curriculum classes and projects. At the point when an understudy is assessed and meets all requirements for level three, the understudies will be extraordinarily observed and in the end looked into for getting an individual instructive program (IEP). Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS), depends more on a model of how to unravel wrong conduct and forestall that conduct through instructing and strengthening proper practices. â€Å"Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS) is a procedure for making school conditions that are increasingly unsurprising and powerful for accomplishing scholarly and social objectives. For certain schools, PBIS will upgrade their present frameworks and practices, for other people, it will fundamentally change the way of life for the better† (www. cms. k12. nc. us). Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) is a fundamental way to deal with proactive, school-wide conduct dependent on a Response to Intervention (RTI) model. â€Å"The idea of PBIS has been investigated in training for roughly 15 years† (www. cms. k12. nc. us) and has been executed effectively in a large number of schools in more than 40 states. PBIS applies proof based projects, practices and methodologies for all understudies to build scholastic execution, improve security, decline issue conduct, and set up a positive school culture. Schools actualizing PBIS expand on existing qualities, supplementing and sorting out current programming and techniques. The PBIS model had brought about sensational decreases in disciplinary intercessions and increments in scholarly accomplishment. Information based dynamic is a sign of PBIS and is a logical way to deal with the pre-referral procedure to a specialized curriculum. There are numerous approaches to characterize, or clarify the ideas of PBIS and RTI, yet each gives a particular three layered pre-referral procedure to a specialized curriculum that will improve the personal satisfaction for understudies taking an interest in these intercessions. Whichever mediation an understudy is put, he, or she ought to get more excellent training and guidance. Components normal in these models demonstrate an arrangement of mediation dependent on a student’s execution that will showed whether there is a real learning incapacity, not simply the requirement for extra guidance for reasons unknown. References RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION. (2006). In Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults. Recovered May 23, 2012, from: http:library. gcu. edu:2048/login? qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. cred oreference.com/section/wileyse/response_to_intervention CPI Educate. Engage. Improve. (2012). Recovered May 23, 2012, from: http://www. crisisprevention. com/Resources/Knowledge-Base/Positive-Behavior-Support SEDL Advancing exploration, improving training (2012). Recovered May 23, 2012, from : http://www. sedl. organization/bars/sedl-letter/v19n02/rti. html CMS Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. (2011). Recovered May 23, 2012, from: http://www. cms. k12. nc. us/cmsdepartments/PBIS/Pages/default. aspx Response to Intervention (2012). Recovered May 23, 2012, from: http://www. nasponline. organization/assets/freebees/revisedPDFs/rtiprimer. pdf.

Fear of Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Dread of Terrorism Essay Since September eleventh, 2001, the world has seen an extreme change on the planet request. Dread, nervousness, slants of repugnancy and abhor, and, generally, a profound feeling of incredible vulnerability had their spot and commanded, and still overwhelm, tricky, issue. There has been a lot of conversations and discussions about the occasions that has occurred in the lethal date and resulting repercussion acts. The pictures of the two hello jacked planes colliding with the Twin Towers, has a significant part in creating all the slants that unquestionably we all felt, and will keep on feeling starting today. That is the thing that this exploration paper will clarify. It is a contemporary issue and, many trust it is fascinating seeing it, contemplating, and investigating it. In the following pages, this exploration paper will concentrate on the meaning of fear based oppression, history of psychological warfare, and the impacts it has on society. Characterizing Terrorism shafts into our homes through TV screens, it attacks us in papers and magazines, and it in some cases contacts our lives in more straightforward habits. Individuals don't appear to stress over the meaning of psychological warfare at such occasions. They essentially feel dread when they see the viciousness. Once in a while it appears just as the occasion itself characterizes fear mongering. For instance, when a plane is obliterated by a bomb, it is much of the time called psychological oppression, yet when military powers kill a non military personnel airplane, it very well may be regarded a terrible error. The United States may dispatch rockets at a presumed psychological militant base and guarantee it is shielding national interests. However, it might denounce another nation for doing likewise in another piece of the world. Double norms and logical inconsistencies lead to disarray whenever the term psychological warfare is utilized. The term psychological warfare has produced warmed discussion. Rather than conceding to the meaning of fear mongering, social researchers, policymakers, legal counselors, and security masters regularly contend about the importance of the term. H. H. A. Cooper (1978, 2001), an eminent psychological militant master from the University of Texas at Dallas, appropriately sums up the issue. There is, Cooper says, an issue in the difficult definition. We can concur that psychological oppression is an issue, however we can't concede to what fear mongering is. There are a few explanations behind disarray. In the first place, fear mongering is hard to characterize in light of the fact that it has an insulting implication. Pejorative implies that it is genuinely charged. An individual is strategically and socially debased when named a psychological oppressor, and something very similar happens when an association is known as a fear monger gathering. Routine wrongdoings expect more noteworthy social significance when they are portrayed as psychological warfare, and political developments can be hampered when their supporters are accepted to be fear mongers. Further disarray emerges when individuals entwine the terms dread and psychological oppression. The object of military power, for instance, is to strike fear into the core of the foe, and orderly dread has been a fundamental weapon in clashes from the beginning of time. A few people contend that there is no contrast between military power and fear mongering. Numerous individuals from the antinuclear development have expanded this contention by asserting that keeping up prepared to-utilize atomic weapons is an expansion of psychological oppression. Others utilize a similar rationale while asserting that road groups and hoodlums threaten neighborhoods. On the off chance that you feel that anything that makes fear is psychological oppression, the extent of potential definitions gets boundless. One of the essential reasons fear mongering is hard to characterize is that the importance changes inside social and authentic settings. This isn't to recommend that one person’s psychological oppressor is another person’s political dissident, yet it suggests the significance vacillates. Change in the importance happens in light of the fact that psychological warfare is anything but a strong substance. Like wrongdoing, it is socially characterized, and the significance changes with social change. History of Terrorism has been around since the times of old Egypt. Individuals have been slaughtering pioneers of nations to attempt to oust the legislature, and for as far back as one hundred and twenty years fear mongers have had new weapons of mass obliteration, for example, bombs. Numerous political figures in the past were killed: King Tut in Egypt, who was harmed and hit in the rear of the head by a political opponent, the individuals from the Roman Senate and Brutus, his closest companion, executed Caesar. John Wilkes Booth, a southerner who was irate about the manner in which the Civil War turned out killed Abraham Lincoln; and Lee Harvey Oswald slaughtered John F. Kennedy. However, fear mongering in uncovering itself in new structures in this advanced world, for example, slaughters, hijackings, assaults on U. S troops, and prisoner taking. In any case, there is a contrast between a lawbreaker and a fear based oppressor. A criminal is after cash or medications, while a psychological oppressor is after the drawn out disturbance of life in a nation, and to endeavor to topple its pioneers. There are numerous reasons for fear based oppression, despise, religion, governmental issues, and force. Present day psychological warfare began from the French Revolution (1789â€1795). It was utilized as a term to depict the activities of the French government. By 1848, the importance of the term changed. It was utilized to depict vicious progressives who rebelled against governments. Before the finish of the 1800s and mid 1900s, fear based oppression was utilized to depict the fierce exercises of various gatherings including: work associations, rebels, patriot bunches rebelling against outside forces, and ultranationalist political associations. After World War II (1939â€1945), the importance changed once more. As individuals revolted from European control of the world, nationalistic gatherings were esteemed to be fear based oppressor gatherings. From around 1964 to the mid 1980s, the term psychological oppression was likewise applied to savage left-wing gatherings, just as patriots. In the mid-1980s, the importance changed once more. In the United States, a portion of the fierce action of the despise development was characterized as fear based oppression. Globally, fear mongering was seen as sub national fighting. Fear mongers were supported by maverick systems. As the thousand years changed, the meanings of psychological oppression additionally changed. Today fear mongering likewise alludes to enormous gatherings who are free from a state, brutal strict enthusiasts, and rough gatherings who threaten for a specific reason, for example, the earth. Realize that any definition is impacted by the authentic setting of psychological oppression. Media Many occasions on TV after a psychological militant assault the news will declare that this individual had fear monger associations before. Presently on the off chance that they had fear based oppressor associations, for what reason would they say they were permitted to live unreservedly, where they could design psychological militant assaults? On the off chance that the administration had a checking administration to monitor individuals with associated accounts with fear based oppression, or potential associations with psychological oppressors, the FBI could make a cautious watch of an individual s correspondences. This would help keep fear mongering from occurring by not permitting correspondence between the suspect, and the association. Many contend that the domain of governmental issues has a specific and questionable method of introducing, breaking down and, therefore, conceptualizing â€Å"terrorism†. In Murdock’s see and numerous positively concur with him. Government officials consistently attempt to restrain and improve the meaning of fear based oppression for the sake of the state’s political interests. Jeanne Kirkpatrick, previous U. S. delegate to the United Nations, essentially recognized and characterized a â€Å"terrorist† as an individual who â€Å"kills, disfigures, grabs and torments. His casualties might be schoolchildren†¦ industrialists getting back from work, political pioneers or diplomats†. (Cited in Graham Murdock, 1997: 1653). Then again, and generally because of their extraordinary deontology and the particular guideline of fair-mindedness, writers are said to suggest and utilize the term fear monger â€Å"when regular people are attacked† (Murdock, 1997: 1653). David Paletz and Danielle Vinson, in â€Å"Terrorism and the Media†, break down and depict the subject of psychological warfare in an extremely intriguing manner. Along these lines, they distinguish numerous types of fear mongering. The ones they accept to have most eminence and unmistakable quality are: State Terrorism, pursued against occupants of a state; State Sponsored Terrorism, against the individuals of different states; and Insurgent Terrorism, additionally called by Schmid and De Graaf asâ€Å"Social-Revolutionary, Separatist and Single Issue Terrorism, focusing on the highest point of society†(Schmid De Graaf, 1982: 1), where the â€Å"violence is primarily executed for its consequences for others as opposed to the prompt victims† (Schmid De Graaf, 1982: 2). Schmid and De Graaf additionally contend that in light of the fact that the word psychological warfare has, commonly, such significant negative meanings, possibly a progressively impartial term would be best. They recommend the word radical. To the extent I’m concerned, my contention is obviously this: western culture, generally ruled and impacted by the North American Culture and North American International Policy, built the term â€Å"terrorist†. Many contend that such development is only the impression of western’s key political interests versus the Eastern ones, and most especially, the Middle East’s social force. Effect of Terrorism on Society and Economy Terrorism represents a genuine lawfulness issue and prompts breaking down of society. The occurrence of homicide, torment, mutilation, abducting, fire related crime and blackmail make environment of doubt, dread and frenzy all around. Life gets dubious. The psychological militants execute unarmed regular citizens including ladies and kids. Sorted out wrongdoing and savagery cause social disharmony. The entomb relationship among different radical gatherings and their remote linkages bring unlawful cash and energizes pirating. Numerous guerilla bunches gather certain level of cash from the representatives and agents on standard premise. Monetary improvement of the region reaches a conclusion. Our administration needs to make substantial expenditur

Symbolism in Ancient Mariner essays

Imagery in Ancient Mariner articles Imagery in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Samual Taylor Coleridges sonnet The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a melodious dream ditty dependent on the account of an endured mariner and his difficulties. The sonnet starts with the obsolete English sailor catching the consideration of a bystander on his way to a wedding. With this the sailor continues to think back and tell his entranced audience of his journey between the equator and the South Pole, and afterward back to England. The story follows the sailor and his boat through life and passing, paradise and heck, and everything in the middle. Imagery is utilized in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner to pass on amazing and complex subjects that thus make an Allegory. In this paper purposeful anecdote just as imagery will be characterized. Following the definitions will be instances of how they are utilized and clarifications of their implications comparable to the sonnet and to life. A purposeful anecdote is a story with at least two emblematic levels. The occasions, settings, items, or characters in a moral story represent thoughts or characteristics past themselves. It might be said it is a portrayal of one thing under the picture of another. On nearly a similar level, imagery is an abstract gadget that utilizes one thing in portrayal of another. Images are quite often physical in nature and speak to something that isn't physical, similar to a shading to speak to a state of mind or an article to speak to a thought. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a sonnet loaded up with ethically and strictly orientated images. One image and maybe the most neglected is simply the sailor. He speaks to the individual soul and all the battles that one in the long run faces through life and demise. The sailors excursion and tribulations that start with the killing of the gooney bird and end with his arrival to dry land in England equal a spirits venture from transgression to reclamation. In resemblance to the sailor, the boat may re... <!

Gossip, Lies and Current Essay Topics for Bank Po Exam

Gossip, Lies and Current Essay Topics for Bank Po Exam Here within this blog we'll discuss on this portion of the exam and want to share some beneficial recommendations to the IBPS PO aspirants. To be able to excel on SBI PO exam 2019 it is extremely important to know the syllabus for the exam. In the ICICI exam previous papers, you can begin with the last preparations. A significant number of aspirants are predicted to make an application for the SBI PO 2019 exam. Descriptive writing is a significant portion of the IBPS PO Mains exam and shall not be dismissed lightly. As there isn't any prescribed IBPS PO Descriptive Paper syllabus, you will need to practice hard through every source which you have. Students don't forget to use these questions paper because the last year questions papers will play an extremely major part in ICICI PO Exams. In the following piece, get to be aware of the latest preparation hints and strategies for the SBI PO Descriptive Paper. It is possible to also go through the Bank Exam Preparation apps to generate your preparation program. Candidates may also get the Bank Syllabus for different posts by go through our internet portal. For the interest of those aspirants, we've updated the Andhra Bank PO Sample Papers along with answers to provide appropriate guidance for those candidates. The examiner is then going to be curious to read your entire story which will gradually lead you to good marks. For each incorrect answer, there's a negative marking of 0.25. Structuring the sentences can turn out to be so simpler. The POs need to offer few written examination and go through an interview process to become promoted to a greater designation. Current Essay Topics for Bank Po Exam Secrets That No One Else Knows About If you want more question paper comment off your email id. Two topics will be supplied in each section and you need to choose a single topic from each. When you finish preparing these topics thoro ughly, look at these topics from prior years' SBI PO Mains exam alongside sample essays to acquire a more accurate picture of the exam. Kindly prepare based on the topics. Applicants may visit the official website for more details. Candidates must secure the syllabus for improved information of all of the topics that would be addressed under the examination. They can visit the official website for further details. So candidates ought to be quite careful when answering the questions. The Ultimate Approach to Current Essay Topics for Bank Po Exam You ought to have a simple comprehension of computer operation to make it through this section. Utilizing a dictionary will also aid you to increase your vocabulary. A superb essay creation will always count on the means by which you think and the manner in which you describe. The major challenge in writing a suitable letter is that one needs to deal with their issues or convey your info in a few words. Characteristics of Current Essay Topics for Bank Po Exam Aspirants will receive the exam according to the below-given pattern. The fresher graduated students may also offer the ICICI PO exam but you ne ed to have the age of fewer than 25 decades. This might be quite useful to the men and women who are getting ready for the Exam. Bank exams are among the competitive exams, So they've rather high competition. A candidate must check into the prior years' papers to understand the weightage of the sub-topics in every single section. He should select appropriate books consisting of practice test papers and try to answer the questions one by one and they have to compare the answers with the key answers provided in the book. In addition, the paper isn't to be taken for granted. You should have prepared your syllabus for those Mains paper by now. Old question papers vary based on the exam. Just practice increasingly more from preceding papers and other mock tests to receive all the concepts of the topics in exam. The bank supplies you with lots of chances to succeed and always motivates you to grow. It's still true that you might encounter just a little variation from bank to bank. The primary aim of the bank is to give optimal service to its customers. So, it's the fantastic news for those candidates that are searching for the bank jobs. These time restricted exams have a comprehensive answer review at the conclusion of the examination, so you can check and compare your answers. It can help you to acquire the idea about the kinds of questions and exam pattern. There's been a marked change from preceding decades so far as the kind of questions across slots are involved. A good deal of doubts may come up from the candidates' side. With the provided preparation ideas, you can able to understand what things to prepare and the way to prepare. Dread and stress are among the key considerations with an inclination to wind up noticeably an impediment in receiving high pace. So you must make sure to receive a flying start. Attempt 1 test each moment.

What Is Convergent Evolution

Evolution is defined as a change in species over time. There are many processes that can occur to drive evolution including Charles Darwins proposed idea of natural selection and the human-created artificial selection and selective breeding. Some processes produce much quicker results than others, but all lead to speciation and contribute to the diversity of life on Earth. One way species change over time is called convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is when two species, that are not related via a recent common ancestor, become more similar. Most of the time, the reason behind convergent evolution occurring is the build-up of adaptations over time to fill a certain niche. When the same or similar niches are available in different geographical locations, different species will most likely fill that niche. As time passes, the adaptations that make the species successful in that niche in that particular environment add up producing similar favorable traits in very different species. Characteristics Species that are linked through convergent evolution oftentimes look very similar. However, they are not closely related on the tree of life. It just so happens that their roles in their respective environments are very similar and require the same adaptations in order to be successful and reproduce. Over time, only those individuals with favorable adaptations for that niche and environment will survive while the others die off. This newly formed species is well suited to its role and can continue to reproduce and create future generations of offspring. Most cases of convergent evolution occur in very different geographic areas on the Earth. However, the overall climate and environment in those areas are very similar, making it a necessity to have different species that can fill the same niche. That leads those different species to acquire adaptations that create a similar appearance and behavior as the other species. In other words, the two different species have converged, or become more similar, in order to fill those niches. Examples One example of convergent evolution is the Australian sugar glider and the North American flying squirrel. Both look very similar with their small rodent-like body structure and thin membrane that connects their forelimbs to their hind limbs that they use to glide through the air. Even though these species look very similar and are sometimes mistaken for each other, they are not closely related on the evolutionary tree of life. Their adaptations evolved because they were necessary for them to survive in their individual, yet very similar, environments. Another example of convergent evolution is the overall body structure of the shark and the dolphin. A shark is a fish and a dolphin is a mammal. However, their body shape and how they move through the ocean is very similar. This is an example of convergent evolution because they are not related very closely via a recent common ancestor, but they live in similar environments and needed to adapt in similar ways in order to survive in those environments. Plants Plants can also undergo convergent evolution to become more similar. Many desert plants have evolved somewhat of a holding chamber for water inside their structures. Even though the deserts of Africa and those in North America have similar climates, the species of flora there are not closely related on the tree of life. Instead, they have evolved thorns for protection and the holding chambers for water to keep them alive through long periods of no rain in the hot climates. Some desert plants also have evolved the ability to store light during the daytime hours but undergo photosynthesis at night to avoid too much water evaporation. These plants on different continents adapted this way independently and are not closely related by a recent common ancestor.

My Life - Original Writing - 909 Words

Mommy! Look! I cried as I held a snowflake in my hand, as if I was holding a newborn baby. That s beautiful honey, my mom said as she came towards me and crouched to my height to see the almost melting snowflake. Awww, it melted, I said as I shook the water off of my gloves and watch it drop on the snow. My mom smiled at me before standing up. Come on, it s cold outside, let s go in and drink some hot chocolate. Mom said as she took my hand, and we walked in the castle together. Yay! Hot chocolate! I screamed as I got loose from my mom and immediately rushed inside, to only bump into my dad, making me fall. Oof, I said as I looked up to see my dad standing in front of me, I see him as a giant since he looked so tall to my seven year old self. Woah there, he chuckled as he picked me up in his arms, Whoops, sorry daddy, I said as I let out a giggle, My mom walked over to us in her dark green winter coat. Are you alright Ashley, she said with a concerned look, I m alright mommy, I said as I kissed her on the cheek. Aww, no kissy for me? Dad playfully asked as he let out a laugh. I kissed my dad on the cheek, and together we walked to the kitchen. When we arrived, I saw Ariel already there, drinking a cup, no I looked beside her to see two empty mugs of hot chocolate. Ariel! I cried as I ran over to her and gave her a hug, Hey Ash, she said as she put her mug down, and hugged me back. She scooted over a bit, so I could sit downShow MoreRelatedMy Life - Original Writing1267 Words   |  6 PagesI yawn and arch my back in a big stretch. I could see my breath in the air. It would be getting colder from now on. I take a look around the small hut we call home. Adam is still curled up on the old mattress, a bundle of blankets wrapped around him. Mom isn’t sleeping next to him, probably out tending the garden. It seems that’s all she’s been doing these past few months. I stand up and walk over to Adam. He is sound asleep, a small amount of drool collecting on his chin. I smile at this and grabRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing977 Words   |  4 PagesWhen my son was ten years old, he asked me if I had ever been bullied before, or if I’d ever bullied anyone. I told him no! Not me! He said, â€Å"Mom, Nana told me that you were bullied, and you bullied people before, too.† I wondered if I should tell him the truth in that moment, that yes, when I was your age and younger, I was bullied, and yes, I bullied others, too. The thought that I could jeopardize my relationship with my son scared me. I could see it dwindling. The actions from my past might makeRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing850 Words   |  4 Pagesto go!† My sister vanessa yelled at me as I was packing the last of my things . I was fifteen and I had just arrived to my new home in Garland. I had just moved form Plainview and I was leaving my friends and family that I had grown up with behind. Moving to Garland while still in High School was one experience that changed my life. I had just finished my freshman year In high school when I had gotten the news that my mom decided to move. She decided that it was best for her and my step dadRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1463 Words   |  6 Pagesgrim gossip about my old babysitter which made me think of a particular summer morning, bookmarked in my long-term memory. During the school holidays in my ninth summer, I was lying under the garden tree, staring at a singular leaf that was eclipsing the summer sun as the zephyr tenderly blew it back and forth; giving it a seductive allure, while thinking about the previous night. Mother and father were having an agitated discussion downstairs in the living room. Sitting on my bed not able to sleep;Read MoreMy Life - Original Writing1725 Words   |  7 Pagesheavy cry, the physical cracking of my innocent heart. All things that I felt, but hid, in the summer of 2013. This was the day that my family, my world, fell apart for good. Everything was a lie, or so I was told by one party and by the other half, there were no lies. Forced to choose sides between my loved ones, I broke down and grew up in a matter of hours. The day was hot, in June or maybe even July. I had just returned from a fantastic vacation with one of my best childhood friends. We had goneRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing978 Words   |  4 PagesThen my world fell apart. A piercing scream filled the air, one that I will never forget. It was my mother’s... Then everything went black. All the memories poured back, the hospital, hearing the words, â€Å"dear your mother and father are gone. They didn’t make it, I’m so sorry.† And now... The rain washed down my red face along with my tears. Without any sympathy the thunder and lightning bolted down on the damp earth. There I stood my black shoes sinking into the muddy ground. I lifted my blurredRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1236 Words   |  5 Pagesmoney my dad gave me for ice cream, tight in my hand. I saw the group sitting outside getting ready to go.I could see myself sitting in the back on the porch, eating the delicious flurry that I was soon to order. My brother,my best friend Cassie and her two brothers along with her dad and I were going to ride our bikes through a trail off in the woods and go to Whistlestop Park and then cut through town and head to Houseman s, an ice cream shop near our house. I quickly finished tying my shoe andRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing912 Words   |  4 Pagesfinally decided to have the have the guts and ask my mom the question I had been wanting to ask her. Growing up I had strict parents but not that strict as if I were a prisoner in my own home. Almost every parent appear to be strict others on the other hand are not strict. Entering high school would be the most scariest chapter in my life, I going to meet several new people in my life. Biting my nails as I’m walking in on my first day of highschool, I turn my head left and right as if I were an owl. SeeingRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1319 Words   |  6 Pageschild, I always used to think that my parents were indestructible. I n my eyes, there was absolutely nothing that could hurt them. Obviously, there is no logic behind this preposterous belief, yet I still felt that way for almost a decade of my life. Unfortunately, my idealistic views came to an end when I was nine years old. My father, who was always some sort of superhero in my life, was diagnosed with end stage renal failure in the summer of 2006. All of a sudden, my super hero didn’t seem so indestructibleRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1046 Words   |  5 PagesI’m about 13 years old, married to a 35 year old man, and pregnant with the son of God while I’m still a virgin. Yes, my life’s going great. I was a Jewish girl getting ready to marry a well-established carpenter, then a man came to me in my house and told me I was pregnant. I was shocked, because I’m only 13 and was still a virgin. Well, it happened. I conceived when the angel told me I would, went into labor on the way to Bethlehem, and gave birth in a stable because the innkeeper didn’t have any

To Want It free essay sample

â€Å"Anya* is not good But she wants it.† A pretty harsh line for a twelve-year-old to hear, but this moment helped in my development of how I deal with life’s persistent challenges. Some people see sports as an outlet, a tactic to release energy that has been bundled up for too long, a way to blow off steam after a trying day, a fun activity. For me, sports activities have always felt like a form of torture with the running and the sweating and the dreaded wall squats. My dislike for sports started long before this incident, but scoring in the opponents’ goal was the tipping point in this grand adventure. To this day, I can still hear Coach Jun, my sixth grade field hockey coach’s voice, giving the team a pre-game pep talk in her Chinese accent. Since my teammates and I were crammed like sardines on that overheated yellow school bus, unfocused and on the brink of heat strokes, I don’t remember all that she said. We will write a custom essay sample on To Want It or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Be focused. Be aggressive out there. Stay on your marked girl.†- the usual chalk-talk. And finally, she focused on me and exhaled that line, â€Å"Anya is not good But she wants it.† The next year, I signed up for the field hockey team again, only to score the winning goal for the other team. Many later events in my life would follow a similar pattern. In seventh grade: basketball, the summer before eighth grade: Tang Soo Do martial arts, ninth grade: volleyball. Every time I got knocked down, I quit. But the fall of my sophomore year, things started to turn in a different direction. To fulfill my school’s physical activity requirement, I joined the tennis team, hoping that a less physically rigorous sport would be my calling. Unfortunately, it was not. After a grueling three-day preseason, I had earned a spot on the junior varsity team. For the rest of the season, I ran the sprints and always crossed the line in last place. I played in scrimmages and lost the matches about 95% of the time. Despite my failures, I remembered that traumatic-at-the-time moment in sixth grade and how much I wanted it. I figured if that scrawny eleven-year-old kid with the braces and oversized cleats could do it, I could. So, I decided to stick around and found myself quickly falling i n love with the game. By the middle of the season in my junior year, the coaches had been watching me for the past two years. I still crossed the end line last and lost only 75% of my scrimmages, but they still saw how much I wanted to improve. To my luck, some of the opposing teams had extra varsity players, and my coaches chose me to play in exhibition matches. They chose me not because of my skill level, but because I had showed them all season how much I wanted to play. From that point on, I was in the game, and that was enough for me. I don’t need the greatest grades, to win the most prizes, or to be the fastest one out on the courts. I don’t want to be the firecracker blazing down the field scoring all the goals and racking up all the points, but rather the slow burning ember with a deep-seeded passion burning inside of me. If I can want it like I did on that hockey field back in middle school, I can achieve anything. *name has been changed

Medical Marijuana Argumentative Essay free essay sample

Prior to the enactment of the Marijuana Tax Act, there were at least twenty-seven legal medicines that contained marijuana available in the U. S. In 1970, The Controlled Substances Act placed marijuana into a Schedule I status defining it as having a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the U. S. and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision. Currently it remains illegal under federal law in the United States other than the four Americans that were grandfathered under the Compassionate Investigational New Drug Program. Contradictory to federal law, at present, medical marijuana is legalized in sixteen states and Washington, DC. There have been multiple studies and research done by advocates for and against medical marijuana legalization. Although there are strong arguments by both sides, federally legalizing the use of medical marijuana is the better choice because it has beneficial effects to patients suffering from various ailments; it will cause a decrease in recreational use nationwide; and it is less harmful to the user than many other prescription medications. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Marijuana Argumentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At present, the pros outweigh the cons when considering the positive benefits to medical marijuana. On September 6, 1988, the Drug Enforcement Administrations Chief Administrative Law Judge, Francis L. Young, ruled: Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Docket #86-22]. The principal constituent of marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is effective in treating nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, and acute or chronic pain. Specifically, marijuana has been proven to give relief from nausea and appetite loss caused by AIDS. It reduces intraocular pressure caused by glaucoma. Additionally; it has positive effects on persons suffering from cancer, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other conditions with chronic pain. Beside the medical evidence that marijuana is helpful in treating certain ailments, there are numerous organizations that support some type of physician supervised access to medical marijuana including the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Nurses Association, American Health Association and the New England Journal of Medicine. Millions of patients in the U. S. ould be helped by medical marijuana. On April 20, 2006, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) posted the following â€Å"Inter-Agency Advisory† on its website, www. fda. gov, â€Å"†¦ A past evaluation by several Department of Health and Human Services agencies†¦ concluded that no sound scientific studies supported medical use of marijuana for treatment in the United States, and no animal or human d ata supported the safety of efficacy of marijuana for general medical use. † Medical marijuana is not the only source of pain relief that contains THC available to patients. Marinol, a pill with synthetic THC, is often prescribed to patients suffering from AIDS, or cancer patients that have gone through chemotherapy. Unlike medical marijuana, Marinol is FDA approved. It seems as though Marinol could substitute marijuana for treating symptoms related to AIDS and cancer chemotherapy; until you consider some other facts that prove otherwise. First, Marinol only provides limited relief to a select group of patients. It also does not have the same effect for the number of different ailments as marijuana. Marijuana or cannibas is made of multiple compounds, not solely THC. John M. McPartland from the Faculty of Health and Environmental Science and Ethan B. Russo from the Montana Neurobehavioral Specialists write: Good evidence shows that secondary compounds in cannabis may enhance beneficial effects of THC†¦ In essence, clinical cannabis demonstrates herbal synergy and is more than simply a vehicle for THC administration†. Simply stated, marijuana has many other benefits other than those given from THC alone. Secondly, Marinol is much more costly than marijuana. THC is a difficult compound to manufacture. The heightened cost for manufacturing is passed down to the patient consumer. In 2008, the estimated cost for one gram of marijuana was $17. 14 as compared to $1,810. 00 for one gram of Marinol. Lastly, patients ultimately prefer natural cannibas to Marinol. Several states conducted patient trials in the 1970’s and 1980’s. In TN, NM, CA, and NY each study showed that patients claimed a higher success rate coping with their symptoms using medical marijuana over orally ingested synthetic THC. The legalization of medical marijuana would cause a decrease in recreational use nationwide. The patients that use medical marijuana are not using it for recreational purposes. Instead, they are using it to alleviate their suffering, and to counteract the effects of their treatments. AK, AZ, CA, CO, DC, DE, HI, ME, MI, MT, NV, NJ, NM, OR, RI, VT, and WA all have legalized medical marijuana possession limits and requirements for registry ID cards. There are strict processes and protocol that must be followed in order to become a medical marijuana recipient in these states and DC. Public opinion also dictates the desire for the legalization of medical marijuana (not the legalization of recreational marijuana) nationally to come into effect. In March 2008, then Governor Barack Obama stated in an interview with Gary Nelson of the Oregon Mail Tribune, â€Å"When it comes to medical marijuana, I have more of a practical view than anything else. My attitude is that if its an issue of doctors prescribing medical marijuana as a treatment for glaucoma or as a cancer treatment, I think that should be appropriate because there really is no difference between that and a doctor prescribing morphine or anything else. † In a Harris Poll taken in February of 2011, 74 percent of Americans support the legalization of marijuana for medical treatment. Government organizations send the message that legalization of medical marijuana will result in increased recreational use, especially among adolescents. This claim is unfounded and sends the wrong message to the general public. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the U. S. By legalizing marijuana, even for medical reasons, the wrong message is being sent out to our nation’s youth. Currently there are more young people being treated for marijuana dependency than for all other illegal drugs, and alcohol combined. Marijuana is also a gateway drug. A study conducted by the Journal of the American Medical Association found that out of 300 sets of twins, the marijuana-using twins were four times more likely than their siblings to use cocaine and crack cocaine. Marijuana also increases the likelihood of depression, social withdrawal, panic attacks, and other mental health problems within teenagers. Cannibas also can lead to dependency and abuse. These are all valid concerns; although, they do not accurately depict the statistics on recreational marijuana usage among America’s youth post-legalization of medical marijuana. In the report, Marijuana Use by Young People: The Impact of State Medical Marijuana Laws by Karen O’Keefe and Mitch Earleywine, the decline in recreational use statewide and nationally after legalizing medical marijuana within the states is proven. California, the first state to legalize medical marijuana (California Proposition 215), and the state with the most detailed data available reported the number of ninth graders reporting marijuana usage in the last 30 days declined by 47 percent from 1996 (when the state’s medical marijuana law was enacted) to 2004. Likewise, a decline was reported in WA, HI, ME, NV, AK, and OR from the time their respective state’s medical marijuana laws were passed. Teenage marijuana use declined nationwide from 1996 to 2004. At the time of the study, there was no evidence that the passage of 10 state medical marijuana laws produced an increase in adolescent marijuana use within those states, or nationwide. In fact, just the opposite was shown. Across-the-board, a decrease in youth marijuana use in medical marijuana states marginally exceeded the national decline. Medical marijuana is less harmful than many other prescription drugs. Many drugs that are prescribed for the same ailments as medical marijuana are administered simultaneously. This increases the risk of multiple side effects. Nearly all drugs, including legal drugs, act as a bigger threat to individual health than marijuana does. Marijuana is non-toxic and cannot be used to overdose. To date, the annual death count of those dying from marijuana is zero. The Academy of Science’ Institute of Medicine in 1999 determined the following: â€Å"†¦ the adverse effects of marijuana use are within the range tolerated for other medications†¦ There is no conclusive evidence that marijuana causes cancer in humans including cancers usually related to tobacco use. † Smoking marijuana is more harmful than smoking tobacco. The damage done to lungs from smoking marijuana is three to five times greater than smoking tobacco. Respiratory problems which include daily coughing and phlegm, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis are displayed by regular marijuana smokers. They are also subject to having chest colds and damaging lung tissue. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University affirms that marijuana is a dangerous drug. It is true that smoking marijuana can be harmful to your lungs; however, there are different forms of benefitting from medical marijuana that do not include smoking it. Marijuana can be inhaled through a vaporizer. It can also be eaten in cakes, cookies, and other treats. The onset of the relief from medical marijuana is released sooner through smoking than by any other means. There are no definitive studies to date that substantiate the claim that marijuana smoking is worse than cigarette smoking. Concerning the danger of smoking marijuana as opposed to other medication, â€Å"Numerous studies and federally commissioned reports have endorsed marijuana’s relative safety compared to other drugs, and recommended its decriminalization or legalization. † (Van Tuyl 23). The ability to effectively research medical marijuana’s benefits is limited by the Federal Government. Currently there is only one legal source of marijuana for clinical research in the United States. The National Institute on Drug Abuse is that source, which makes it difficult (almost impossible) for researchers to acquire marijuana for their studies. In order to gain FDA approval, medical marijuana studies would have to be done a large-scale which would be exceedingly costly. With the added limitations of supply from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, it would be unachievable to complete that level of research. In June 2005, the U. S. Supreme Court’s decision in Gonzales v. Raich kept state medical marijuana laws in tact but allowed for continued federal attacks on patients, even in states with medical marijuana laws. In order for seriously ill people to use medical marijuana to relieve their chronic symptoms, the legalization of medical marijuana must occur through Congress. This would also result in a decrease in overall adolescent marijuana usage, and it would provide another viable, less detrimental source of pain relief for patients. Works Cited 16 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC. 13 May 2011. MedicalMarijuana. ProCon. org. Web. 13 Aug. 2011. 31 Random Facts About Marijuana. 2 Mar 10. Random History. com. Web. 14 August 2011. Barack Obama and Medical Marijuana (interview Qamp;A) 21 April 2008. Youtube. com. Video. 14 August 2011. Cannabis for Treatment of HIV-Related Peripheral Neuropathy. 2010. Center for MedicinalCannibas Research. Web. 15 August 2011. Cannabis is more than simply D9-tetrahydrocannabinolby Ethan B. Russo and John M. McPartland. 2003. Psychopharmacology (2003) 165:431-432. Web. 16 August 2011. Dexamethasone. 30 December 2010. Drugs. com. Web. 16 August 11. Dronabinal. Sep 2008. Pub Med Health. Web. 15 August 2011. Drug Nation CNN Takes A Look At Legalizing Marijuana . by ARTLOVERRR. 16 April 2009. Youtube. com. Video. 14 August 2011. How does the cost of marijuana compare to the cost of marinol? 16 June 08. ProCon. org. Web. 16 August 2011. Majorities of Americans Support Legalizing Medical Marijuana in Their State. 31 March 2011. Harris interactive. Web. 16 August 2011. Marijuana and the Human Body. Schaffer Library of Drug Policy. Web. 16 August 2011. Marinol Versus Natural Cannabis Pros, Cons, and Options for Patients. The NationalOrganization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. 11 August 05. www. NORML. com. Web. 16 August 11. Research Supports Medicinal Marijuana by Rick Weiss. 13 February 2007. The WashingtonPost. com. Web. 15 August 2011. Should marijuana be a medical option? 25 July 2011. MedicalMarijuana. ProCon. org. Web. 13 August 2011. Van Tuyl, Christine. Introducing Issues With Opposing Viewpoints Marijuana. United States:MI, 2007. Print. Who are the patients receiving medical marijuana through the federal governmentsCompassionate IND program? 9 Sep 10. Procon. org. Web. 14 August 2011.

What extent did Augustus establish a monarchy between 31BC and 19BC Essay Example

What extent did Augustus establish a monarchy between 31BC and 19BC Essay Example What extent did Augustus establish a monarchy between 31BC and 19BC Essay What extent did Augustus establish a monarchy between 31BC and 19BC Essay Essay Topic: History Light in August The key component of monarchy as a political system is generally considered to be the rule, usually in this period absolute, of one person over a state for the duration of their lifetime. It also contains an inherently hereditary nature, with the holder of the office not being elected or appointed through a political process, but named by their predecessor as heir. Rome of the first century BC, however, boasted a strong tradition of proud Republicanism; a tradition with which the concept of monarchy seemed wholly incompatible. Despite the virtual collapse of the Roman Republic in the foregoing years of military demagogues and civil war, and the systematic murder of vehement Republicans such as Cicero under the Triumvirate, the concept of hereditary rule was still widely regarded with hostility following the Battle of Actium. Memories of Julius Caesars adoption of quasi-monarchical powers in Rome loomed large, and the civil war had left the concept of monarchy indelibly associated with the eastern despotism and excess of the reviled Cleopatra. Such different systems of government are seemingly irreconcilable, being as they are inherently antagonistic. Yet Augustus Caesar, one of the most consummate politicians of the ancient world, somehow managed to achieve what had eluded all his predecessors; the establishment and maintenance of sustainable political dominance in Rome. Throughout his long period of rule, Augustus was careful to cloak the reality of his power in Republican phraseology and custom, yet, in bequeathing the Roman world a legacy of hereditary rule in many ways akin to monarchy, he simultaneously destroyed the very fabric and ideals of the Republican tradition. Following his victory over Antony at Actium, Caesars young heir, was, by his own admission, in complete control of affairs1 in Rome. At this point, Octavian enjoyed power similar to that of his adoptive father. Yet, although the true foundations of his pre-eminence his imperium over a vast army, granted in 43BC,2 his triumphant emergence from the civil war, and his command of unparalleled financial resources- had been established, Octavian was in no sense a monarch at this point. His regime lacked stability, especially since his position may have had little constitutional validity. His official term as triumvir had ended in either 33 or 32BC, and there is little solid evidence that he was ever granted additional extraordinary powers, although this possibility cannot be discounted. The Res Gestae inevitably points to the rather ambiguous universal consent,3 as the foundation of this dominance, which, given that Octavian had defeated the unpopular Antony and that all hopes of the peace Rome desperately craved now lay with the young man, may actually contain a grain of truth. Whether universal consent was the sole basis of his power or not, support was likely to have a finite duration, given that Octavians dominance was redolent of the political systems most despised, monarchy and dictatorship. The precedent of his adoptive father, however, loomed large, and Octavian, a consummate politician, was all too aware of the probable peril of riding roughshod over Republican sentiment; assassination. He recognised that, for his power to be sustainable, it would have to develop a basis acceptable to the Roman conscience. This is not necessarily proof that Octavian held any genuine desire to fully revive the Republic; whilst Suetonius asserts that twice Augustus seriously thought of restoring the Republican ystem,4 the princeps actions reveal any such intention, if it did ever exist, quickly evaporated. Octavian, despite his propagandist assertions to the contrary in the Res Gestae, was in all probability interested in maintaining and sustaining his power; in translating Caesars dream of permanent, stable family dominance into the realm of the possible and achievable. To do this, he had to create a monarchy veiled in Republican terminology and tradition, and establish himself as a mo narchical figure acceptable to the Romans. Dio leaves us in little doubt as to Octavians motives, claiming that he was eager to establish the monarchy in very truth. 5 In terms of establishing a stable political system in which his own power was accepted, Octavian used two main tactics. Firstly, he had to secure a constitutional legitimacy for his continued dominance, and, as Suetonius claimed, take great trouble to prevent his political system from causing any individual distress,6 particularly to the conservative political classes. Octavian, as quoted by Suetonius, was eager to build firm and lasting foundations for the Government of the State. 7 Secondly, and just as importantly, he had to secure his personal popularity amongst the Roman people, and cultivate a new, acceptable image of monarchy far removed from popular images of tyranny and despotism. In terms of achieving a new constitution, Octavian realised that he would have to tread exceptionally carefully, given that resistance to overt displays of power was strongest amongst the conservatives of the Senate. Ever the shrewd politician, Octavian quickly realised that, paradoxically, the best way to obtain sustainable personal power was to appease the elite by posing as the defender, rather than the destroyer, of the Republican tradition. Octavian, once known for his ruthless ambition, suddenly and seamlessly metamorphosed into the saviour of Roman liberty, an image which he would cultivate until his death. The settlement of 27BC was the striking culmination of this tactic; Octavian appeared before the senate and resigned all of his extraordinary powers. The Res Gestae alludes to the event only briefly, but, given its propagandist purpose, understandably implies that Augustus was acting benevolently as he transferred the republic from my power to the dominion of the senate and people of Rome. 8 The ambiguity of this statement conceals the true nature of the settlement, which Dio more accurately paints as a clever trick to have his supremacy ratified by the Senate9 and the Res Gestae fails to mention the vast provincia that Octavian, now rewarded with the cognomen Augustus, received in return. Suetonius, who also addresses the settlement only peripherally, informs us that Augustus kept for himself all the more vigorous provinces;10 these were Gaul, Spain (excluding Baetica), Syria and Cyprus, over which he gained proconsular authority for a ten year period, in addition to Egypt, which he administered as virtually his own private kingdom. Suetonius and the Res Gestae, however, both neglect to mention that Augustus retained control of all the legions (although Dio to an extent implies this in saying that Augustus took the more powerful11). In addition, Augustus continued to stand for, and was elected to, the consulship. This was an unprecedented move, as no previous public figure had held both consular and proconsular authority concurrently. Undoubtedly, the settlement was not a service12 to Rome as Augustus implied, but an enormously clever manipulation of the Senate that simultaneously gave Augustus vast powers within the Republican system, legitimised his position, and won him mass acclaim. The claims in the Res Gestae that after this time I possessed no more official power than others who were my colleagues in several magistracies13 are strictly true, but what is omitted is the fact that Augustus had an unparalleled accumulation of magistracies. Dio even dates the foundation of the monarchy to the settlement of 27BC, claiming In this way the power of both people and senate passed entirely into the hands of Augustus, and from this time there was, strictly speaking, a monarch14 Arguably, this statement needs to be qualified on two grounds. Firstly, Augustus did not have absolute legal power; he still ultimately accountable to the law. Additionally, many facets of the Republic were restored, albeit in a modified form the Senate regained control over the more peaceful provinces, and all magistrates performed their traditional functions. Secondly, the settlement did not instantaneously establish a monarchy; it merely provided the constitutional basis for, and therefore enhanced the legitimacy of, Augustus dominance within the Republic. Further enhancements were made to the political settlement in 23BC, when Augustus renounced the perpetual consulship and gained instead all the components of tribunician power, in addition to imperium maius over the other consuls that was valid even with the boundary of the pomerium. This settlement is alluded to neither in the Res Gestae (Augustus simply mentions that he was awarded tribunician power15) or in Suetonius, whose coverage of constitutional matters is sketchy. Dio mentions that Augustus was granted tribunician power, but only vaguely implies a political purpose in saying Augustus resigned the consulship n order that as many as possible might become consuls16 The reason for these changes is unclear; one interpretation is that Augustus wanted to make his power even less overt, perhaps as a result of a conspiracy against his life in 24BC (although Dio dates the conspiracy to 22BC, the year after the settlement,17 which may suggest that it occurred as a response to the settl ement), another is that referred to above by Dio, namely, that he realised his monopoly of the consulship was infuriating other politicians as it limited their possibilities of advancement to the position. Although the second settlement ostensibly reduced Augustus power, depriving him of his consular imperium, and probably, therefore, his imperium within Rome itself, it transpired that the period of 24BC-19BC was key in the establishment of the principate. To what extent Augustus anticipated the constructive effects of the settlement is difficult to gauge, but given his immense political acumen, it cannot be discounted that the settlement was a highly calculated move. To the politically unsophisticated masses, this settlement indicated Augustus resignation from Roman politics. Fortuitously for Augustus, this resignation coincided with damaging floods and food shortages, which the superstitious interpreted as negative omens. In consequence, there were demands for Augustus to accept the dictatorship or the perpetual consulship,18 a clear validation of his continued dominance. Augustus refused, claiming that I would not accept any office inconsistent with the custom of our ancestors. 19 He thus managed to simultaneously emerge with an enhanced reputation, and with popular support that could potentially be used as leverage to force the senators into acquiescence. Any loss of power, too, seems to have been temporary, for Dio indicates that in 19BC Augustus gained [authority of] consul for life,20 although he did not formally hold the post. This is not mentioned in the Res Gestae, but, given that the constitutional basis of Augustus dominance is largely ignored, this is unsurprising. Between 31BC and 19BC, Augustus established the legal foundation of his predominance extremely successfully. His tactic of acting inside the Roman constitution had allowed him to amass considerable power whilst avoiding offence to Republican sentiment. He had, indeed established the legal foundations of a new position that, although strictly a composite of constitutional positions, allowed him to gradually assume monarchical authority. Augustus choice to omit mention of his legal powers, or potestas in the Res Gestae means that it is easy to underestimate their importance, but by 19BC his legal rights were indeed great; not only did he have proconsular authority over half the empire and control of most of the legions, but his imperium maius enabled him to intervene even in senatorial provinces, whilst the consular imperium he may have received in 19BC gave him legal pre-eminence in Rome itself. Although tribunician power was primarily symbolic, giving Augustus an image as defender of the people, it did allow him to propose legislation and veto the laws of the Senate. Despite these successes in establishing increasing dominance, there were still key differences between the constitutional powers of Augustus and the powers usually associated with monarchy. Augustus ultimately did not enjoy absolute power, as he was accountable to the constitution and the law. Indeed, many of his special rights, namely his proconsular authority over his provincia, were officially only granted for periods of five or ten years, although they would never be revoked. What is paramount, however, is that although Augustus recognised the importance of having his position ratified in constitutional terms, largely in order to secure the acquiescence of the governing class, he did not intend to have his authority continuously scrutinised in terms of legal minutiae. Augustus potestas, or legal powers, clarified his role and legitimised his pre-existing dominance, but Augustus never intended for them to provide an exhaustive description of his role or to limit his powers. Instead, Augustus hoped that, with success and popularity, he would evolve into a monarchical figure acceptable to the Romans, and would be able to issue commands without people inquiring by virtue of what statute he was acting. This unofficial influence, or auctoritas, was a key component of Augustus power. Augustus auctoritas was largely derived from his unparalleled achievements, and, fortuitously for the princeps, these continued to occur after 31BC. Augustus exploited the true foundations of his power, namely his military success and enormous wealth, plus his considerable political skill, to gain triumphs for the Empire. Between 31BC and 19BC he achieved more success in the provinces, pacifying Gaul and Spain and annexing Galatia and Lyconia. In 25BC the Temple of Janus was closed, which, as is mentioned in the Res Gestae, symbolised that victories had secured peace through land and sea throughout the whole empire of the Roman people. 21 Military success was combined with striking munificence; in the Res Gestae Augustus highlights that between 31BC and 19BC he gave 700 sesterces to each of the Roman plebs, that after the war he gave 1000 sesterces to each of his soldiers, and that in 23BC he bought grain to help ease the food shortages. 22 This was in addition to his lauded building programme; by 19BC his immense spending on public works had begun. The inevitable result of such achievements was popularity amongst both the masses and, increasingly, the Senate, and as more people concurred with Augustus dominance his auctoritas further increased. Interestingly, Augustus chose to highlight his auctoritas rather than his potestas in the Res Gestae, which contains the implicit assumption throughout that great successes merited great rewards and influence. Indeed, whilst barely mentioning his imperium and omitting his provincia totally, Augustus confidently asserts that he excelled all in influence. 23 His choice to emphasise his unofficial power rather than his potestas was again politically expedient, reinforcing the image that Augustus was not the destroyer of the Republican tradition, but a great man who had been rewarded for service to his country. The latter image was far more acceptable to the conservative nobility, who, as a result of the peace and success that Augustus had heralded, and also due to the memories of the functi oning Republic becoming more distant, were increasingly prepared to collaborate with Augustus and accept his diluted version of monarchy. Allied to his pursuit of personal popularity, Augustus also attempted to reduce the instinctive Roman hostility towards one man having overt control through creating an image of hereditary rule far removed from previous notions of tyranny and poor government. A skilled propagandist, Augustus presented himself simultaneously as a benevolent patriarch, a skilled general who actively championed the liberty of the Republic24and added to its glory, and a great statesman. He also manipulated his position as the divi filius of the deified Caesar, and encouraged, particularly in the provinces, the development of an imperial cult. To propagate these images, Augustus employed subtle yet pervasive propaganda. Coins were minted and statues built in praise of Augustus achievements, and poets such as Horace and Virgil were encouraged to write in praise of the princeps and the Empire. Commonly ascribed to him were the virtues of, as he writes in the Res Gestae, courage, clemency, justice and piety,25 and even the cognomen Augustus was suggestive, meaning revered one. Although the amassing of auctoritas continued until his death, by 19BC Augustus had certainly started to evolve into a monarchical figure who boasted the support of the Roman people and had largely overcome resistance to his rule. Whilst Augustus longevity and continued success would allow his power to further increase, by 19BC he had, as Suetonius claimed was his aim, built firm and lasting foundations for the Government of the State. 26 His next concern was to ensure that these foundations which I have established for the State will abide secure. 27 This appears to be a veiled reference to his wish to appoint a successor, which is perhaps the best proof that Augustus aim was always to develop hereditary monarchy in Rome. Even before 19BC, Augustus was preoccupied with the issue of the succession, particularly during his serious illness of 23BC. Although Dio asserts that Augustus did not, to be sure, appoint a successor,28 he, perhaps surprisingly, states that all were expecting that Marcellus would be preferred for the position29 (Augustus seemed to instead prefer Agrippa). The latter quotes suggests that even as early as 23BC, there was a growing acceptance of hereditary rule, one of the most important precepts of monarchical government. By 19BC, the precepts of monarchy, only recently anathema to proud senators and politicians, were beginning to become the undeniable realities of a Roman political system increasingly dominated by one individual, Augustus Caesar, who had carefully yet systematically undermined the values of the Republican system he had purported to protect. Whilst Augustus did not officially possess monarchical power and was ultimately subject to the law and constitution, his skill in amassing numerous offices, powers and honours, combined with his popularity and unparalleled auctoritas, meant that his authority was increasingly unchecked. Even after only 15 years of rule, Caesars heir had skilfully laid the foundations for a monarchy distinctly Roman, a monarchy cloaked in Republican phraseology and custom, yet which would consign the Republic itself forever to history.

How and when the orginal 13 colonies was founded Essay

How and when the orginal 13 colonies was founded - Essay Example Massachusetts was next, founded in 1620, followed by New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and, finally, Georgia, which were founded in 1623, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1638, 1653, 1663, 1664, 1664, 1682 and 1732 respectively. Thus, Virginia was first of the colonies to be founded, and Georgia the last. Of course, during this time other colonies were also founded, which now are part of Canada and West Indies, however, this paper shall only talk about the original thirteen colonies established in what is now the United States. Originally, there were many different European countries from where all these immigrants came to establish these colonies, and there were many a war fought as a result of disputes of land and property, however, soon only England and France had the most presence here. The people who originally came here in the newly founded colonies wanted to be free to practice their own religion, and wanted to be independent from their respective governments (mostly European), to form their own form of government and be free to trade as they wanted to. Originally, most of the people who came over were basically running away from religious persecution, however, later on a lot of people came to work here and to make money. Those who came here to work normally came alone, without their families and worked in shipyards and ironworks. Those who came here to make money also bought plantations, and such people brought their families with them so that they could settle here and start their lives here. There were many laws made that reflect on the mindset of the people who came to settle here in the new colonies. The Pilgrims and the Quakers, for instance, had come from England to flee from religious persecution that they faced back in England, that is why, when they came

Impacts of black codes,Jim Crow Laws and segregation on african Essay

Impacts of black codes,Jim Crow Laws and segregation on african americans in the United States - Essay Example Racism was so much deep rooted in an American’s heart that the enactments of anti-slavery laws and the relevant amendments in the US Constitution were merely to redirect a racial mind to find alternatives of white superiority over the Black. Indeed the amended Constitution provided the legal safeguard to the Black, barring the practice of slavery at the state level as well as, to the extent the state could interfere into the public affairs. But it could do nothing to bring about the changes in the culture and the society that intrinsically nourished the racial hostility against their former slaves. Forced by the Constitution and laws, the Americans, especially the Southern States could not but embrace their former slaves, always whispering into their ears, â€Å"You are a black and you must feel it† (Haws 34). This act of reminding the Black that they were inferior to the White and subjects to the White Grace was being done perfectly by Black Codes, Segregation and the Jim Crow Laws. The â€Å"separate but equal† policy in the South is emblematic of the Whites’ failure to assimilate the minor black community into the mainstream of the society. Reconstruction: the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments The racial Segregation and the Jim Crow laws, in a single phrase the â€Å"separate policy† of the south was essentially the South’s reaction to the 13th, 14th and the 15th constitutional Amendments during the Reconstruction in the post Civil War Period. Reconstruction’s primary goals were to establish the Black rights by withering out Slavery and to reintegrate the South with the nation. But the Southerners took it as a Northern insult aggravating the injury of the Civil War. The Reconstruction started with President Lincoln’s affirmative actions for a race-blind, equal and reunited America. While Lincoln followed a more moderate course to establish black people’s right and to reunite the South, the Radical R epublicans â€Å"opposed it on the ground that Lincoln reconstruction plan had freed the slaves without paying much attention to establishing their socio-political, economic and other rights† (Stampp 78). What the North feared the most was that the Government should play a more active role in introducing the people of races to the newly imposed freedom through educational, economic and other sector developments. As a result, by passing the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864 Republican dominated Congress declare that Southern States should be run by military governors and, Secession and Slavery would be outlawed with the consent of the fifty percent of a state’s voters. Eventually the Congress also passed â€Å"the 13th Amendment and established the Freedmen’s Bureau in order to provide the formers slaves and black communities with the opportunities of education, employment, medical service, and economic facilities† (Carter 67). With the reelection of the Democrats i n 1968, the Oval Office under Johnson’s Presidency followed the same path that Lincoln started immediately after the Civil War. But President Johnson’s lack of foresight and wholeheartedness severely affected Reconstruction. Eventually, the Congress voted for the 14th Amendment of the US constitution to provide legal safeguard to Black people’s civil right in 1866 and the 15th Amendment to protect the black’s right to vote in 1870. But along the passage of time, the reconstruction zeal began to wane. Indeed the different political scandal, corruption of the reconstructed governments, economic aftermaths, etc aggravated the waning of Reconstruction. The South’s Response to the 13th Amendment: Black Codes To the North’s surprise, the South began to impose unofficial and legislative restrictions on the black’s rights. Both theoretically and legally by the 13th Amendment of the

Threats ISIS poses on the US Essay Example for Free

Threats ISIS poses on the US Essay They arent just threatening they are also following through have killed multiple americans Are known to be even more extreme than al qaeda   if isis isnt killed and destroyed it will only recruit more and become stronger Isis could attack in revenge if U.S does anything We still have not detected direct potting towards the U.S. ISIS hasn’t made a direct threat towards the U.S. other than the brutal murders. The ground troops should not come from the U. S but ground troops are necessary. The ground troops should come from the places that are the most threatened by ISIS. We have no threat yet. Hello, this is a letter concerning troops being put into Iraq and Syria to fight ISIS. We have proven to ourselves in the past that this is not an easy job. We will not be able to go in there and wipe the terrorists out with ease. For instance, during the war on Al Qaeda we sent over 806 billion dollars and have had troops deployed for 12 years. We didn’t plan on being in Iraq and Afghanistan for that many years but the Taliban weren’t easy to take down. ISIS has proven to be even more organized, powerful, and more secretive than the Taliban and Al Qaeda. They have taken over large parts of Iraq and Syria in a matter of months and have spread into other countries. It will be a large expense to put ground troops into both countries and maybe more if they spread. We will also waste a lot more money if we send ground troops in. Continuing airstrikes would be more reasonably cost wise and would decrease the loss in life. In the 12 years we fought the Taliban we lost 6,639 troops, mostly ground troops. If we go into Iraq and Syria with ground troops like we did with the Taliban we will lose more troops than necessary. There have only been 2 Americans killed so far and sending ground troops in will only cause more deaths than need to happen. As long as we protect our borders without deploying ground troops we will be safe here.

Essay on The Awakening and A Dolls House -- comparison compare contra

Comparison of  The Awakening and A Doll's House        Ã‚   The Awakening, a novel by Kate Chopin, and A Doll's House, a play by Henrik Ibsen, are two works of literature that can be readily compared. Both works take place in the same time period, around the late 1800s. Both works feature a woman protagonist who is seeking a better understanding of herself. Both Edna and Nora, the main characters, display traits of feminism. Both Edna and Nora have an awakening in which she realizes that she has not been living up to her full potential. Awakening and growth is one of the main themes in both of the works. Throughout the works, each woman has a close female confidante who symbolizes the traditional role of women and society's views of that role.    Edna Pontellier is the 28-year-old protagonist in Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening. The novel takes the reader through nine months of Edna Pontellier's life during which she is struggling between society's expectations of a woman's behavior and her own passions and desires. The story takes place on Grand Isle, an island near New Orleans, as well as in the city of New Orleans.    One summer Edna, her husband, Leonce, and their two children vacation on Grand Isle. During the vacation, Edna meets many people, one of whom is Adele Ratignolle, a woman who becomes her confidante. Adele embodies all the characteristics of nineteenth century society. She stays at home with her several children, is expecting another, and is a devoted wife. Another important person she meets is Robert Lebrun, the flirt of Grand Isle, who awakens Edna's sensual side. Edna and Robert fall in love. When Robert realizes his affections, he decides that he cannot stay in Grand Isle, so he goes to Mexico.... ...ndercurrents, female companions, and strong ideas about feminism. The works were written in the late 19th century when these topics were shocking and controversial to society.    Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1985. Clurman, Harold. 1977. Ibsen. New York: Macmillan. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House (1879). Trans. Rolf Fjelde. Rpt. in Michael Meyer, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th edition. Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 1999. Martin, Wendy, ed. "Introduction." New Essays on The (Awakening. New York, NY: Cambridge UP, 1988. Rogers, Katharine M. Feminism in Europe. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1982. Templeton, Joan. "Is A Doll House a Feminist Text?" (1989). Rpt. In Meyer.   

Policy Development Essay

Domestic violence can be described as any form of deliberate coercion, bodily harm, sexual assault, or any other form of violent behavior committed by an intimate partner. Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Violence against an intimate partner is frequently followed by psychological abuse and controlling behavior relating to the methodical blueprint of power and control. Domestic violence comes in many forms but not always seen by the naked eye. Domestic violence constitutes forms of physical abuse, psychological abuse or even death that can be seen by other family members possibly causing a continuous cycle of abuse for generations to come. Facts and Statistics It is hard to grasp the notion that somewhere in the world every nine seconds a woman is being beaten or assaulted. On average, 85% of victims of domestic violence are women and 1 in every three women will endure some form of domestic violence in their natural life. Sadly enough only one fourth of all victims who have been physically assaulted by an intimate partner will actually report it to the police, implying that official statistics will never justify the full scope of the problem. The average age of a female victim who is at the greatest risk of harm by an intimate partner is between 20 to 24 years old. Domestic violence is the primary source of harm to a woman over all other possible harmful circumstances she will encounter. As if domestic violence isn’t already difficult enough for women to endure in an intimate relationship, if she has a male child who witnesses these assaults he is now two times more likely to abuse his partner or children as an adult passing along the cycle of abuse for our future. Statistics have shown that 30% to 60% of intimate partners who assault also assault their children. Intimate partner homicides that are reported to police make up  approximately one third of female homicide victims and 70% to 80% of those victims had a previous assault history. A very small amount of victims actually seek medical treatment after an assault but yet a vastly larger number of approximately 18.5 million victims seek mental health treatment following an assault. Separation isn’t always the ultimate solution to the problem. Over 70% of women who were injured during a domestic violence assault were assaulted after the separation (Safehorizon,  2014). Stakeholders Law Enforcement Often time’s victimization in cases of domestic violence is conducted behind closed doors causing law enforcement to become the first line of defense for victims of domestic violence. If the response of the police is extremely insufficient it has a negative impact on the victim making them less likely to use the criminal justice system in the future. There are typically three types of police responses to domestic violence: non-intervention, mediation, and arrest. The initial typical police response to domestic violence was the non-intervention way as police felt that domestic violence was a private matter best kept at home. The second approach is mediation which promotes crisis intervention including separating both parties, reconciliation, or social services referral. This method was designed to keep domestic violence out of the criminal justice system however, it proved to be ineffective. Now a more practiced policy to domestic violence is the arrest of an offender as a pres umed or mandatory response. Domestic violence cases are different in the sense that the offender can be taken into custody under a warrantless arrest as these types of misdemeanors do not have to occur in the officer’s presence. Legal changes have been made where officers now arrest the primary aggressor instead of the old dual arrest practices affecting the victim more than the offender. It has been shown that an officer is more often than not the victim’s last resort to alleviate the problem as they typically chose other routes as to not affect their livelihood. In all domestic violence situations officers shall make an arrest when an offense of violence has been presented, treat these acts of domestic violence as criminal, never disregard protection against domestic violence based upon race, religion, sexual orientation, immediately report  all cases of family violence, and receive training on domestic violence required by law (Erez,  2002). Due to the fact that domestic violence affects a large number of people, it is plausible to say that leaving the abuser is not as easy as people may think which would ultimately stop the abuse. Since this is true, law enforcement must approach domestic violence as serious as they approach any other significant crime by providing time, resources and attention. Given that law enforcement is spending a ton of time focusing on domestic violence, it is important for these agencies to establish a domestic violence policy that indicates reports will be completed on each domestic violence call regardless of whether or not an arrest was made. The most significant and respected service a law enforcement officer can provide to a victim is an arrest of their abuser (Klein,  2009). Prosecutors Prosecutors play a very important role in the prosecution of abusers within the criminal justice system in hopes of providing harsh judgments preventing reoffending and better protection of victims. If prosecutors fail to prosecute the bulk of domestic violence cases conducted by law enforcement an internal examination into their practices, policies, and priorities should be conducted providing an explanation as to why fewer prosecutions are being processed. They should not allow victims who are unwilling to prosecute their abuser stop them from proceeding on with the case. If a vast number of victims are willing to sign an affidavit of non prosecution, it is certain that prosecutors and law enforcement must come up with a better a way for victims to trust them so more cases are prosecuted. For prosecutors to gain a more successful prosecution rate, they must enhance victim cooperation and involvement by concentrating on the victim’s fears of being abused again or testifying i n court without fear of retaliation. In the event that a defendant possesses serious risk to the victim during trial, prosecutors must take all measures to protect the victim to effectively prosecute the case. It has been insisted upon by the judge that prosecutors report to the court any defendant’s negative actions such as reoffending, threatening or intimidating the victim so that potentially other charges can be added while the original case is still pending. While still being compassionate towards the victim, prosecution must base it case  on the law and penalties of the law versus the individual preferences of the victim as they tend to become more lenient during the course of the trial fearing retaliation in the future. Prosecution must also notify the defendant of this process so they don’t believe this is based upon the victim’s requests. Prosecutors must work hand in hand with law enforcement to obtain all the evidence associated with the case as well as identify and include all witnesses involved. Domestic violence can be deterred if prosecution sufficiently concentrates on the abuser risk by inflicting harsh sentences such as supervised probation and incarceration while revealing the defendants prior criminal and abuse history in hopes to prevent reoffending (Klein,  2009). The ideals that lawmakers had on prosecution or adjudication for domestic violence is consequently not being enforced. Legal representatives may become doubtful about the irregularity of violent behavior, or disbelieve the seriousness of the complainants, can either enforce the law firmly for prosecution purposes, or at the same time be understanding of the physical aggression that could be considered efficient punishment for the victim’s marital infidelity. Legal representatives are prone to characterize domestic violence as a civil matter for a ruling in divorce courts versus criminal courts. The prosecution and adjudication phases are substantial for offenders ultimately deciding their guilt or innocence, establishing a criminal record and providing a punishment. These phases are significant for the victim as well as they begin to trust the criminal justice system again (Erez,  2002). Judges Judges can ultimately be the final step in the adjudication process of domestic violence abusers so their role is extremely crucial in the protection of the victim. Merely handing down a guilty verdict does not guarantee reoffending of the abuser so judges should concentrate more on invasive sentences that include incarceration especially for those who are repeat offenders and those with an extensive criminal history. Even though judges should be open-minded when it comes to the views of the victims regarding punishment, he must enlighten all parties involved that he is compelled to hand out the most appropriate sentence pertaining to this case regardless of whether or not the victim agrees. Regardless whether the  defendant turns himself into the court for a domestic violence case, he should be treated as seriously as the offender arrested on scene as it has been shown that the typical offender flees the scene of the incident prior to officer’s arrival where a warrant is la ter issued for their arrest. Judges should hand down sentences that reflect the offender’s prior criminal history as those are signs of possible reoffending regardless if it reflects prior domestic violence offenses. In the event a defendant offends while pending another court case for domestic violence, judges may take that into account for purposes of bail, civil orders, and sentencing. Affidavits filled out by the victim don’t fully describe the abuse suffered by the victim or the fear of future abuse as this document is solely based upon the incident at hand. It is extremely valuable for the judge to further investigate this case by asking the victim more questions as well as examining the prior arrest history of the offender to have a better grasp on the whole picture relating to the abuse. Judges may issue protective orders to the victim but unfortunately this is only a strong piece of paper and it does not prevent abusers from reoffending. Judges should make every effort to house a user friendly courtroom, safe environment for all parties involved, be compassionate to the victims, and yet stern with defendants once some sort of abuse has been brought forward. When judges are able to represent the courtroom in this manner victims concerns are validated and the defendant’s behavior is shown to be unacceptable (Klein,  2009). Public Opinion Most people are in agreement that someone should step in when an abusive domestic violence situation arises, but they don’t agree on what their involvement should be, or the responsibility of the victim to reduce the violence by removing themselves from the abusive relationship. Even though people have the same opinion about domestic violence being a criminal act, they are not essentially on the same page that police should regularly arrest the offender or use other corrective authority versus using other alternatives. This apparent apprehension may be the outcome of people’s uncertainty concerning the applications of criminal sanctions. One theory is they believe offenders warrant the penalty of arrest or jail, yet another theory is they are often practical about the efficiency of the punishment  actually putting a stop to the aggressive actions or the probability the penalty will ultimately protect the victim. A more promising effect is possibly that of rehabilitation and victim or community focused changes. Nonetheless, such changes like offender treatments, education, and victims ultimately leaving the relationship continue to be a rare result (Carlson,  2002). Reform Recent reform within the prosecution and adjudication process of domestic violence includes the issuance of protective order as well as special legal defenses for battered women who have killed their abuser. At one time civil protection orders were only obtainable through a pending divorce, recently they have been pushed through legislation for battered women who are not currently involved in a divorce proceeding. The main objective of domestic violence reform has been aimed at the prosecution process as it has been found that too many cases, misdemeanors, were falling out of the criminal justice process during different stages. Through the years, domestic violence has become one of the most talked about policies and is in constant reform as ideals are continuously changing. Historically very little action by the police and prosecutors has been done regarding domestic violence and without a more serious offense, prior record of offender, possible weapon use, injuries, or physical evi dence most cases won’t see the inside of a courtroom. The most effective way to present a domestic violence case before the court is to have the victim’s cooperation but yet most prosecutors predict that victims will sign an affidavit of non prosecution ultimately dismissing the case altogether typically causing prosecutors to hesitate before filling a case. Prosecution efforts should be based upon the victim’s safety not the conviction of the offender. It should also be an approach to getting the word out to the offender that the abuse is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Prosecutors have recently found a way to prosecute domestic violence offenses even when the complainant does not want to pursue charges. They have implemented victim advocacy programs within the prosecutor’s office in hopes to boost victim retention within the process. Another approach is the evidence based prosecution, which is the idea of gathering all significant evidence to build a case against an  offender without the victim. Many peo ple believe these practices take away from the victim’s freedoms of determining their course of action (Erez,  2002). Another reform is that of the battered woman syndrome which has been employed in hopes of fixing past practices of disregarding the difficulty battered women face when she wants to defend herself in court, or the necessity to apply principals of law, or self defense that were not particularly appropriate for issues relating to abuse. This tactic has been used as a legal defense for women who battered or killed their abuser after they have suffered many years of abuse and responded by causing harm or death to them. Often times these cases are from battered women who harm their abuser without first being irritated due to the psychological state of mind the victim has suffered for many years (Erez,  2002). Domestic violence has plagued all walks of life despite the age, race, religion, or background. Without the constant fight by all stakeholders within the criminal justice system for the victims of domestic violence, no real solution to the problem can come of this resolve. Constant and continuous reform is necessary to maintain the safety and security of all victims preserving their trust with the criminal justice system.  

Smoke Ring Cannon for Air or Water Instructions

You can make a smoke ring cannon that shoots smoke rings in the air or even in water. A smoke ring cannon is a simple science project that uses easy-to-find household materials to illustrate fluid vortex formation in a fun way. What Is a Smoke Ring Cannon? This is a tube that you fill with smoke that has a hole at one end. You squeeze the tube and the smoke escapes through the hole as a smoke ring. This works great with smoke bombs, but you can make smoke rings in fluids besides air. Try filling the smoke cannon with colored water (use tub tints, food coloring, or paint), fill a tub or sink with water, and make smoke rings in the water. Smoke Cannon Materials Potato Chip Tube (I used a plastic one, but the cardboard ones work fine.)Knife or ScissorsSource of Smoke Make and Use the Smoke Cannon Eat the chips.Cut a hole in the center of the bottom of the potato chip tube (mine is about an inch across).Remove the lid of the tube.Covering the hole with your hand or lid, invert the smoke cannon over a source of smoke until it is full of smoke.Seal the tube with the lid.To make a smoke ring, gently squeeze the tube. You can make a super-sized smoke cannon by using a much larger cylinder, such as a bucket or trash can. Cover the open end of the trash can or bucket with heavy plastic sheeting, which you can secure with tape or a bungee cord. Thump the plastic surface to form the smoke rings. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.